Energy

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  Preserving Leverage: Pakistan’s Strategic Options for Water Security under the Indus Waters Treaty

  Water security in Pakistan is increasingly threatened by climate change and India’s growing non-compliance with the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), including its unilateral decision to place the treaty in “abeyance.” These developments heighten regional strategic instability and endanger agricultural and socioeconomic stability. This policy brief analyzes these risks and proposes a comprehensive, coordinated national and international policy response to safeguard Pakistan’s water resources over the long term. Download PDF

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  From Net-Metering to Net-Billing: An Illusion of Corrective Reforms

  Pakistan’s power sector faces persistent structural challenges, including DISCO inefficiencies, high generation costs, and rising circular debt, straining consumers and utilities. Under net metering, consumers shifted to rooftop solar, offering an affordable and reliable alternative to costly, unreliable grid electricity. However, the move to net billing signals a major policy shift, whose implications this policy brief examines alongside pathways for sustainable reforms. Download PDF

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